Novel Strategy for Cell Cryopreservation: Pre-Dehydration via Droplet Vacuum Evaporation
Release time:
2026-06-22
In 2026, Professor Yi Xu’s team from the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, also members of the Yinfeng Cryomedicine Expert Committee, achieved a significant breakthrough in cell cryopreservation by proposing a novel strategy based on pre‑dehydration via droplet vacuum evaporation. This approach markedly improves the post‑thaw recovery quality of both individual cells and 3D cell aggregates. The related research findings were recently published in a well‑known international journal, offering an efficient and low‑toxicity solution for regenerative medicine and biobanking.

Research Background: Practical Challenges in Cryopreservation
Cryopreservation of cells and organoids is a core component of regenerative medicine, drug screening, and biobank construction. Current mainstream methods—slow freezing and vitrification—have long been plagued by two major issues:
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Ice crystal damage: Intracellular ice formation can puncture membrane structures, causing irreversible injury.
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Osmotic stress and toxicity: High concentrations of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) suppress ice crystal formation but readily induce chemical toxicity. In particular, within three‑dimensional (3D) cell aggregates, CPAs struggle to penetrate uniformly, resulting in damage to outer cells and insufficient protection for inner cells. Traditional CPA loading relies on diffusion, taking 10–30 minutes—not only inefficient but also exacerbating cell injury, thus becoming a bottleneck for the scaled application of organoids.
Core Technology: Rapid “Pre‑Dehydration” via Vacuum Evaporation
Professor Xu’s team innovatively proposed the droplet vacuum evaporation pre‑dehydration strategy (as illustrated). The core principle leverages evaporation at the gas‑liquid interface of microdroplets. Within a closed chamber, a negative pressure of approximately –0.09 MPa is applied at 4°C, causing the CPA at the droplet surface to concentrate instantaneously through interfacial evaporation, thereby establishing an osmotic pressure gradient. This physical process drives rapid water efflux while concurrently facilitating efficient CPA entry into cells and the interior of 3D aggregates. Consequently, the duration of cell exposure to high‑concentration CPA is greatly shortened, effectively circumventing the issues of non‑uniform mass transfer and cumulative toxicity inherent in conventional methods.
Experimental Results: High Viability and Functional Integrity
Experimental data demonstrate that this technique performs excellently for both single‑cell suspensions and 3D cell aggregates:
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Post‑thaw viability >95%;
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Aggregates maintain normal proliferative activity, spheroid morphology, and differentiation potential;
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No significant ice crystal formation or structural collapse;
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Compared with traditional methods, this strategy not only improves preservation efficiency but also significantly reduces CPA usage and cellular stress responses, providing a feasible pathway for high‑throughput and automated cryopreservation.
This approach holds broad application prospects in regenerative medicine (e.g., stem cell transplantation and organoid transplantation), drug screening (preservation of high‑throughput cell models), and biobanking (long‑term storage of rare cell resources).
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