Major Breakthrough: Human Kidney Organoids Successfully Transplanted into Pig Kidney, Paving New Path for Regenerative Medicine
Release time:
2025-11-07
On October 21, 2025, researchers from the Catalan Institute of Bioengineering in Spain published a research paper in Nature Biomedical Engineering, announcing a critical advancement in the clinical application of organoid technology, marking a significant milestone for regenerative medicine and personalized healthcare.
Organoid technology holds broad prospects. Organoids cultivated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can highly faithfully recapitulate key features of developing human organs, providing a platform for simulating human development and disease. However, the clinical application of organoid technology, such as in tissue regeneration and organ transplantation, faces numerous obstacles. Producing hPSC-derived organoids with scalability, consistency, and reproducibility is particularly challenging.
This study developed a scalable, reproducible, and economical method to generate human kidney organoids (hPSC-kidney organoids) from hPSCs using micro-aggregation and genetic engineering techniques, which can also be differentiated into various kidney cell types. Kidney organoids are three-dimensional structures grown in the laboratory from human stem cells. Although not complete organs, they replicate many key structures and functions, and can be used to study kidney development, test new drugs, and hold potential for repairing damaged kidney tissue or improving organs destined for transplantation.
The research team utilized various techniques, including single-cell RNA sequencing, and found that hPSC-kidney organoids exhibited transcriptional diversity and changes in cellular composition after cell-cell contact. They employed a normothermic mechanical perfusion method to perfuse the hPSC-kidney organoids into an isolated pig kidney, and then transplanted the pig kidney back into the same pig, confirming the successful in vivo transplantation of the hPSC-kidney organoids.
This represents the first successful integration of human kidney organoids with a living pig kidney connected to a normothermic perfusion machine and subsequent transplantation back into a pig. The team also assessed the immune response through multiple means, confirming the procedure's feasibility and effectiveness. At 24 and 48 hours post-transplantation, the hPSC-kidney organoids remained integrated and viable within the pig kidney tissue, did not trigger a significant immune response, and the transplanted pig kidney functioned normally without signs of damage or toxicity.
This breakthrough paves the way for clinical trials using hPSC-kidney organoids for ex vivo cell therapy. The long-term goal of the research team is to achieve organ regeneration or repair through cell therapy prior to transplantation, thereby reducing patient waiting times and increasing the number of healthy organs available for transplant. This study also marks a historic turning point for regenerative medicine, offering new avenues to address the global organ shortage crisis. Nonetheless, challenges remain in translating this from the laboratory to clinical application, including safety evaluation, technical standardization, and ethical considerations. However, with technological refinement and regulatory maturation, cell therapies based on organoids are expected to enter the clinical trial phase within the next 5 to 10 years.
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