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Cellular Life After Death: A Paradigm Shift

Release time:

2024-10-21

Today, we tackle the often avoided topic of death. Conventionally, life and death are seen as distinctly separate binary states: one is either living or dead. But is this truly the case? A recent study challenges this understanding.

The Astonishing "Third State"

Peter A. Noble, an Associate Professor of Microbiology at the University of Washington, and Alex Pozhitkov of City of Hope have uncovered a mysterious "third state" existing between life and death. Noble explains, "Traditionally, life and death are considered opposites, but we have discovered that cells in deceased organisms can give rise to new multicellular forms of life, prompting fresh reflections on the boundaries between life and death."

In simpler terms, following the death of a biological organism, cells don't cease functioning immediately. Under appropriate conditions, such as stimuli from nutrients, oxygen, or biological signals, they can grow and form new life forms.

Noble and Pozhitkov demonstrated experimentally that the mRNA in zebrafish and mice significantly increases days post-mortem, and some human brain cells continue to grow, surviving up to 96 hours. Thus, organismal death doesn't equate to the complete demise of all cells within the body.

Research indicates that different cells have varying survival durations post-mortem. For instance, in humans, white blood cells die 60 to 86 hours after death. In mice, skeletal muscle cells can regenerate 14 days after death, while fibroblasts from sheep and goats can be cultured for about a month.

These cells in the "third state" might open new avenues in medical research.

Cellular Life Span Post-Mortem

In fact, modern organ transplantation provides substantial evidence of this phenomenon. Research shows that skin cells extracted from dead frog embryos can spontaneously reorganize into micro multicellular organisms called xenobots. These xenobots can even navigate their environment, performing complex tasks using "cilia."

A similar phenomenon has been observed in human cells. Scientists discovered that human lung cells could form micro-organisms termed anthrobots post-mortem, which not only move but also possess self-repair abilities.

Unveiling the Miracle of Life After Death…

What Constitutes Death? Science Reimagines Life's Possibilities

Consider this: before the 20th century, if a person collapsed and ceased breathing, medical authorities of the time might have declared them dead. Today, similar scenarios won't lead to such hasty conclusions, as resuscitation techniques like CPR are implemented. Fifty years ago, what we considered deceased may no longer hold true today. Our understanding of death is merely a reflection of the current technological context.

Currently, medical determinations of death rely on ECG data and brain death. However, the brain doesn't instantly perish minutes after oxygen deprivation; rather, a cascade of reactions triggered by the loss of warm blood circulation takes place, much like the decline of other cells.

Thus, "biological death" emerges as a concept—a state where the cerebral cortex and brain cells undergo necrosis, metabolism halts, and irreversible changes occur. Yet, before these changes finalize, future technology like nanotechnology and molecular-level repair may allow brain survival without heart blood supply, potentially ushering a possibility of "resurrection."

Life's essence transcends our imagination's complexity. Exploring these life-death boundaries might yield groundbreaking insights, re-defining what constitutes life. Motivated by myriad reasons, scientists delve deeper into life's mysteries, and the future may hold unforeseen surprises.

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